{
    my %special = (
        'id' => "\\d+",
        '' => "\\*",
    );
    
    sub mask2regex {
        my( $mask ) = @_;
        
        my @rx = split /\*(\w*)\*/, $mask; # edit: negative look behind entfernt

        my $rx;
        $rx .= $_ % 2 == 0 ? "\Q$rx[$_]\E"
                           : $special{$rx[$_]} for 0 .. $#rx;

        return qr/$rx/;
    } # mask2regex
}

my $mask = '*id*-**sp.dat';
my $regex = mask2regex($mask); # qr/(?-xism:\d+\-\*sp\.dat)/