use strict;
use warnings;

while ( my $zeile = <DATA> ) {
    if ( $zeile =~ /OUT_OF_SYNC/ ) {
        my $ausgabe = $zeile;                 # <--- Unnötig, verwende $zeile
        my ($phy) = $ausgabe =~ /phy\s(\w+)/;
        my ($state) = $ausgabe =~ /state\s(\w+)/;
        my ($flags) = $ausgabe =~ /flags\s(\w+)/;
        printf "phy: $phy, state: $state, flags: $flags\n";
    }
}

__DATA__
ioc0 phy 0 scsi_id 1 HITACHI  HUS153014VLS300  A598, 136 GB, state ONLINE, flags OUT_OF_SYNC
ioc0 phy 2 scsi_id 1 HITACHI ST3300657SS-H A598, 136 GB, state ONLINE, flags OUT_OF_SYNC