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... You can specify a character class, by enclosing a list of characters in [] , which will match any character from the list. If the first character after the "[" is "^", the class matches any character not in the list. Within a list, the "-" character specifies a range, so that a-z represents all characters between "a" and "z", inclusive. If you want either "-" or "]" itself to be a member of a class, put it at the start of the list (possibly after a "^"), or escape it with a backslash. "-" is also taken literally when it is at the end of the list, just before the closing "]". (The following all specify the same class of three characters: [-az] , [az-] , and [a\-z] . All are different from [a-z] , which specifies a class containing twenty-six characters, even on EBCDIC-based character sets.) Also, if you try to use the character classes \w , \W , \s, \S , \d , or \D as endpoints of a range, the "-" is understood literally. ...