open (INFILE, "Reuters_Topnews.txt");
while(<INFILE>) {
    chop;              &nbsp
; 
    tr/A-Z/a-z/;             # convert to lower case
    tr/.,:-;!?"(){}//d;       # strip out punctuation
    foreach $word (split) {  # split line into words 
        $count{$word}++;     # count words, put count into hash (word is key, count is value)
    } 
}
foreach $word (sort keys %count) {   # sort hash by the value of the key
   print "$word $count{$word}\n";    # print out the hash in key order
}

for my $char (split //) {
    ++$charcount{$char};
}

foreach my $sign (keys %charcount) {
    # Hier Dein code:
    # Zugriff auf die einzelnen counter mit:
    my $cnt = $charcount{$sign};
    .....
}

 $ln = log($x)/log(2)